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LEITH, George Esslemont Gordon

Born: 1886 05 23
Died: 1965 04 15

Architect

SACA:
Reg No: 68
Year registered: 1927

Dip Arch (AA) (1905); DArch (Honoris Causa) (Witwatersrand) (1946).

ARIBA (1907); MC; TPIA (1927); ISAA (1927); FRIBA (1930); FRSA; OFSPIA (1932-33).

Leith is best known as one of the masters of the so-called traditional style in South Africa during the first half of this century. His classicist designs for official bodies, especially in the bigger towns and cities in the Transvaal, such as Reserve banks, town halls and technical colleges, secured his place in the public eye. In this respect he associated himself with the 'Grand Manner' learnt in both the PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT through Herbert BAKER's influence on that Department, and almost certainly in Baker's office and Italy. Leith's participation in modern architecture are not so well known, but he was among the very first South African to contribute to the 'New Style' round about 1931 with the design of Downing Mansions in Johannesburg, before the MARTIENSSEN group's 'International Style' emerged in about 1933/1934. Leith did not share the Martienssen group's ideological basis of seeing architecture as an instrument to change society. Rather did he use it as a formal alternative to his traditional work. The several modernistic hospitals by him in Johannesburg confirm his interest in modern outward form. The interiors perpetuate the concept of isolated spaces characteristic of 'Traditional Style' combining rational massing with a sensitivity to site and environment and with the rich textural effects of natural materials. Subsequently he made more use of Mediterranean references in domestic work, found mostly at that time in Johannesburg.

In his tribute to Leith in 1965, Norman EATON commented that he saw Leith as a link figure between the classical and the modern in architecture (SAAR May 1965;47.)

Leith was born in Knysna, Cape Province and educated at the Staatsmodel School in Pretoria, his family having moved to Pretoria in 1889. During the Anglo-Boer War he spent time drawing and modelling under VAN WOUW's guidance. In this circle he made the acquaintance of Henk PIERNEEF, Fanie Eloff, Frans Oerder, Gerard MOERDYK and Henri ten Brink, the latter taught him the violin. According to Eaton's account of Leith's life, in Eaton's obituary of him (SAAR May 1965:12, 47), Leith 'served a short apprenticeship in the Pretoria Railways workshop in 1902' as an apprentice fitter, while still continuing with his drawing classes. Van Wouw's bronze statuette 'the student' (now in the Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns, Pretoria) is said to be a study of Leith at this time.

In October 1902 he was employed by the PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT in Pretoria where according to the Civil Service Lists of the Transvaal (1905:98), he was a draughtsman or tracer. The Rand Daily Mail (14 Aug 1946) confirms this but adds that that Leith was apprenticed to Van Wouw in 1903 and was a tracer the PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT of the TRANSVAAL COLONY from 1903 to 1905.

Leith remained with the Department until August 1905 according to several sources, including his papers for Associate membership of the RIBA (1907). From 1905 until 1907 he studied at the Architectural Association in London. According to Eaton (SAAR May 1965:12) Leith showed such promise that 'a deputation of fellow draughtsmen appealed to his family to find ways and means of sending him to study overseas ... funds were raised to send him to the Architectural Association in London.' Here he studied from September 1905 until July 1907; Stamp (1981) says Leith was sent to London by Hugh Crawford and that he remained in Britain from 1906 until 1909. This disagrees with the information in Leith's RIBA nomination papers and with Leith's own note in the ISAA records which state he was back with the PWD in 1907, remaining until 1908 and the account in the Rand Daily Mail (14.8.1946). Thomas TYRWHITT, the assistant chief architect of the Public Works Department in about 1905, is also alleged to have encouraged Leith to study in England.

Leith was elected an Associate member of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1907 and his papers were witnessed by W BEVAN in London who noted Leith 'was employed directly under me in the Public Works Department, Transvaal.' He was successful in his studies at the Architectural Association and while in London he worked in the offices of Hendry White, FRIBA, and of Claude Farrier and spent 'six months travelling in Normandy, Scotland, England and Ireland' (ARIBA nom papers 1907) before returning to Pretoria in 1907. Here, under the chief architect P EAGLE and a draughtsman JN CORMACK, Leith prepared plans for a 'vast Government complex of buildings - including Houses of Parliament - for the Union Government' (SAAR May 1965). Although it was decided to keep parliament in Cape Town, the plans seem to have provided the basis for the Union Buildings scheme.

In 1908, following an argument with the Public Works Department over the Law Courts in Johannesburg (Eaton SAAR May 1965:46), Leith entered Herbert Baker's office with whom he remained from 1908 until 1910. His address in 1909 was 'Craig-Leith' in Muckleneuk, Pretoria - Craig Leith being a type of stone found in Scotland. His association with Baker was marked by disagreements. According to HOFFE (1954), Leith had not heard of Baker before he joined his staff. But he later averred that he respected Baker from the first, admiring his attention to detail - stating 'Baker was my man' (Hoffe 1954), and Leith was given considerable responsibility for detail drawings. He was part of the team that contributed to the prize-winning Competition for the Rhodes' University Building:

But the competition had an unpleasant sequel for one of the team, Gordon LEITH, who appears to have made an unfortunate remark, eliciting the immediate response: 'Until you apologise for the disgraceful insinuation you made today against Mr Baker's honour, we must ask you not to come to the office again. We enclose a cheque for your salary this month, and a further cheque of £10.0.0, being your share of the bonus distributed on account of the firm's success in winning the Grahamstown Competition.' A fortnight later, on 13 March 1911, a blunt letter and 'a book from Lutyens' was sent to Leith at an address in Doornfontein. No doubt the young Gordon Leith relented, for he was to become one of Baker's most valuable and respected assistants. (Keath 1992:188).

In spite of being temporarily banned from Baker's office for this un-revealed insult to Baker, he became a Baker protégé and in 1911 was awarded the first Baker Scholarship to the British School at Rome (Leith gives 1910 in his RIBA papers). His prizewinning essay was entitled 'The principles dominating architectural design in South Africa' (Afr Archt Sep 1911:89-90). In 1910 Leith and J FILTNESS won second prize for the layout of Church Square, Pretoria. As a Baker Scholar Leith travelled to Italy to study at the British School at Rome and at the British School at Athens between 1910 and 1913. He was in London in 1910 since he and GLP Moerdyk had dinner together (Moerdyk's letters, HSRC doc), his address during 1911/1912 in South Africa was c/o A Van Wouw, 111 Silvewright Avenue, Johannesburg. In Rome he surveyed the Flavian palace on the Palatine Hill and made outstanding reconstruction drawings of the palace.

Leith worked briefly in London in Baker's office, assisting with drawings for New Delhi. He returned to South Africa in 1913, working in Johannesburg where he taught at the South African School of Mines and Technology in Johannesburg from 1913 to 1916. He married in 1914 and in 1915 enlisted for active service in the Great War. A commissioned officer in the Royal Flying Corps, he left for Britain in 1916, his lungs were permanently affected by mustard gas suffered while in France. At Armistice Baker recommended that Leith be included in the team of architects serving on the Imperial War Graves Commission, Leith was appointed an assistant architect to the Commission in December 1918. Both Baker and Edwin LUTYENS played important roles in the Commission and Leith came under the influence of both men. Leith was appointed senior designing architect to the Commission in succession to Charles Holden on 1 April 1920, but resigned on 1 July 1920 owing to ill health and was repatriated to South Africa.

Leith returned to Pretoria for a short time but finally settled in Johannesburg where he took up part-time lecturing again at the 'Tin Temple' (the wood and iron buildings of the School of Mining and Engineering) and set up practice in 1921 in Johannesburg. For a time he appears to have shared an office or a floor in a building with an elderly Dutch architect, JH BREYER. A number of Leith's jobs from these days refer to original plans by Breyer who retired to live in the Netherlands sometime between 1927 and 1932.

Leith's office attracted a number of student architects, among them JP NELSON and AFR COOK who were working there at the time Norman Eaton joined the office in 1924, Eaton being articled to Leith in 1924 and in 1926 (on Leith winning the Pretoria Technical College competition) was placed in charge of a branch office opened to handle the job in Pretoria. About this time Leith is said to have persuaded Kirkness to produce Etruscan tiles, the first in South Africa, hitherto imported. Leith's overseas studies developed his enthusiasm for vaulted and domed structures, an interest he shared with Moerdyk with whom he later co-designed the Johannesburg Railway Station (1926-1931), exhibiting drawings of the station in the South African Academy [of Arts] Exhibition of 1927 under the joint names of McCUBBIN, Leith & Moerdyk.

Leith won two competitions about this time, for the Pretoria War Memorial and for the Pretoria Technical College. He invited Norman Eaton, still a student, to run the Pretoria office. Winning the competition for the Pretoria Technical College and his carrying out of the Rand Water Board Building in Johannesburg (1925-1927) ensured Leith's reputation. He had attained a position left vacant by Baker as architect to the hierarchy in the Transvaal and he designed an increasing number of public buildings while keeping up with a steady demand for private housing.

In 1930 Leith was elected a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects and Baker made the following note on Leith's application form: 'I saw two years ago a good many of his works in South Africa and formed a specially high opinion of his Rand Water Board Building ... his Johannesburg Railway Station bids fair to be a noble building. Leith has exceptional skill in design and the sense of modelling of complicated vaulted and domical structures. His early apprenticeship as a sculptor has given him too, a keen sense of perception of the relationship of sculpture to architecture. He wins golden opinions everywhere for his keenness in the profession and sterling character'.

Leith won the competition for the Bloemfontein Town Hall in 1930, in many ways the definitive building of the extended Baker tradition. In about 1931 he designed Barclays Bank, Cape Town, with Douglas HOETS. Leith travelled to Europe in 1932 where he spent 'some weeks in England, Germany and Sweden' (SAAR Jan 1933:15), perhaps in preparation for his appointment as architect of the South African Reserve Bank in Johannesburg in 1933, and to Barclays Bank in the Transvaal. In 1933 he won the competition for the Germiston Town Hall and during the 1930s designed several hospitals in Johannesburg, including buildings for the Johannesburg General Hospital (1935-1939) and the Chamber of Mines Hospital in Cottesloe (1939-1942). In both cases the work was restrained and utilitarian.

In the last years of his life Leith developed his interests in viticulture (a grape cultivar was named after him), water supplies and soil erosion. He proposed, for example, the breeding of the praying mantis to keep grapes free from pests, and was an active member of the Associated Scientific and Technical Club. Leith built two houses for himself in the 1940s in Johannesburg, Harthill (1943) and Esselmont (1946), and had a house at Farm Kairo. He apparently designed a projected house for Yeta III, Paramount Chief of Barotseland, Mongi-Lealui, Barotseland, Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) in 1935. As advisory architect to the South African Agency of the War Graves Commission in 1950, he worked on the design of war cemeteries in South Africa. On his death the words of one of a colleague record Leith's contribution to contemporary life: 'To those who were privileged to know him well the loss of this link with a more measured and humane interval in the social and architectural history of South Africa and the passing of this unique personality who belonged to it is sad indeed' (SAAR May 1965:47). Pres TPIA and member of the Central Board of the ISAA in 1934.

(AB&E Jul 1926:1; Afr Archt Oct 1913:266; ARIBA nom papers 1907; Jul ATA 1916 1(1)10; AB&E Aug 1918:12; ARIBA nom papers (1907); Baker LBK 19:35; Die Boerevrou Jan 1926:4; FRIBA nom papers (1930) 2817; Hoffe 1954; Int Arch 1924-34:66,68,70; RDM 14.8.1946; SAAR Jun 1925:34-38, 43, SAAR Jun 1926:35-37;39-44; SAAR Sep 1926:59-63 ill; SAAR Dec 1926:94-98 ill; SAAR Mar 1927:7-10 ill; SAAR Jun 1929:44; SAAR Dec 1946:279-286; SAAR May 1965:12, 47, 50; Stamp 1977:24)

Publ: The principles dominating architectural design in South Africa, Afr Archt Sep 1911:89-90; Summary of the history of the Flavian Palace on the Palatine Hill, Jnl ATA Feb 1916:6-7; Anton van Wouw, sculptor and artist, SA Lady's Pic Jun 1914:56-7; Memorandum of suggested regulations and town planning aims for the Union of South Africa, Building Sep 1924:65-71; Johannesburg criticised - a wider Eloff St, AB&E Aug 1929:23-24.

SA Mut Life Assr Soc Bldg, Palace St, Church Sq (competition entry, not won, see LF McCONNELL (UWA: S5) 1925

All truncated references not fully cited in 'References' are those of Joanna Walker's original text and cited in full in the 'Bibliography' entry of the Lexicon.

List of projects

With photographs
With notes

Anmercosa House: 1933. Marshalltown, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Arcadia Mansions: 1928. Sunnyside, Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
Argus Publ Co: 1930. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Barclays Bank: 1934. Boksburg, Gauteng - Architect
Barclays Bank: 1934. Brakpan, Gauteng - Architect
Barclays Bank: 1933. Germiston, Gauteng - Architect
Barclays Bank: 1938. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Barclays Bank: 1929. Mookgophong (Naboomspruit), Limpopo - Architect
Barclays Bank - Now First National: n.d.. Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natal - Architect
Barclays Bank - now First National: 1934. Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
Barclays Bank - now First National Bank: c1935. Cape Town, Western Cape - Architect *
Belfast warehouse: 1933. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Benoni High School - now Willowmoore High: 1922 : 1934. Benoni, Gauteng - Architect
Bldg for Mr Weinbrenn: 1926. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Cenotaph: 1924 : 2018. Germiston, Gauteng - Architect
Chamber of Mines Hospital: 1937. Cottesloe, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Design Architect
Children's Hospital, laundry blocks: 1938. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Christ Scientist Church: 1926. Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
City Hall: 1933 - 1935. Bloemfontein, Free State - Architect
Delville Wood Memorial: c1925. Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
Deutsche Friedenskirche, Parsonage: 1935-1936. Hillbrow, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Downing Mansions: 1932. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Ellis Park, stand: 1933. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Freemason Hall: 1957. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
General Hospital: 1935 : 1939. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Golf Club House: 1934. East Geduld, Gauteng - Architect
Home for 'Cripples' (Hope Home?): 1935. Westcliffe, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Hope Convalescent Home: 1930. Westcliff, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Hope Convalescent Home, nurses' quarters: 1937. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Hospital, Randfontein, for Randfontein Estates: 1932. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Hostel and dining room for Pretoria Technical College: 1927. Riviera, Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
House Adv AE Coaker: 1924. Forest Town, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Adv I Curlewis: 1927. Waterkloof, Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
House Advocate van Soelen: 1922. Parktown West, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House AEG Becker, adds: 1929. Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Angehern: 1929. Yeoville, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Anton van Wouw: 1927. Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House CH Peach: 1926. Durban, KwaZulu-Natal - Architect
House CH Peach: 1924. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Chaplin - Marienhof - Brenthurst: 1904 : 1935. Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Coddington: 1927. Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Crosthwaite: 1927. Arcadia, Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
House Dr AJ Orenstein: Villa d'Este: 1922. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Dr FP Fouche: 1927. Westcliffe, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Duncan, J C: 1925. Westcliffe, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House E Fernhead: 1921. Parkview, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House EB Brinkworth: 1927. Linksfield, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Ellenberger: 1926. Melrose, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Endean: 1928. Houghton, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House F Hill: 1930. Hillcrest, Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
House Firth: 1928. Parkview, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Fleming: 1931. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House FV Rees: Etunzini: 1928. Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House G Leith: 1932?. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House G Parkes: 1923. Rosebank, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Gibson: 1922. Kensington, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House H Adams: 1929. Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
House HW Brunton: 1928. Hermanus, Western Cape - Architect
House IEM Cooper: 1920. Rosebank, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House in Lower Houghton: c1948. Houghton, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House J Dunbar: 1938. Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Jeppe: n.d.. Parktown West, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Justice de Villiers: 1925. Bloemfontein, Free State - Architect
House Kennedy (Kanonklip, Kenloch): 1925. Westcliff, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House L Phillips - Hohenheim - Otto Beit Convalescent Home: 1892-1894. Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect 1936
House Laing: 1927. Lower Houghton, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Leslie Wood: 1933. Benoni, Gauteng - Architect
House M Anstey: 1928. Riviera, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Meintjes: 1924. Sunnyside, Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
House Mosenthal - Montecito: n.d.. Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House MP Everitt: 1924. Observatory, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Mr Currie: 1921. Westcliffe, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House N De Roos: 1922. Forest Town, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Prof John Orr: 1928. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House Prof L Fouche: 1924. Arcadia, Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
House Sir Michael and Lady Oppenheimer: 1933. Westcliffe, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
House WB Cleeves: 1925. Sunnyside, Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
House WD Boyd: 1936. Mountain View, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Hugh Solomon Building: 1904 : 1926 : 1936. Hillbrow, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect 1936
Johannesburg Country Club extensions: 1937. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Johannesburg Hospital, nurses' home: 1933. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
John Orr Building: 1935-1936. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Joubert Bldg for Mr Weinbrenn: 1926. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
MOTH cottages: 1936. Cottesloe, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
National Bank: 1926. Bethal, Mpumalanga - Architect
National Bank: 1904 : 1953. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
National Bank: 1927. Mbombela (Nelspruit), Mpumalanga - Architect
Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk: 1925. Bethal, Mpumalanga - Architect
Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk - Heilbron Suid: 1934. Heilbron, Free State - Architect
NG Kerk hall and welfare centre: 1930. Vrededorp, Gauteng - Architect
Non-European Hospital, add: 1937. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Park Station : Second Main Station: 1932. Central, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Paul Kruger Statue: 1896 : 1899 : 1954. Central, Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect pedestal 1954
Premier Biscuit Co: 1925. New Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Premier Milling Bldg: 1926. Newtown, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Premier Milling Bldg: 1934. Springs, Gauteng - Architect
Presbyterian Church and Hall: 1932. Mayfair, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Presbyterian Church Manse: 1926. Parkview, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Queen Victoria Hospital, nurses' quarters: 1938. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Queen Victoria Maternity Hospital: 1943. Braamfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Queen Victoria Maternity Hospital, Nurses' Home: 1932. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Radcliffe Observatory and houses, Klapperkop: 1930. Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
Reid Bros Building: 1921. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Reserve Bank: 1930s [?]. East London, Eastern Cape - Architect
Reserve Bank: 1938 : n.d.. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Ridge School: 1932. Westcliffe, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
SA General Electric Bldg, City & Suburban: 1926. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Salisbury House: 1935. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
School of Mines: 1938. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Searle Memorial Chapel: 1928. Great Brak River, Western Cape - Architect
Shops: 1935. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
South Gauteng High Court: c1910. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Star Office Bldg: 1932. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Surrey House: 1934. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Technical College: 1930. Emalahleni (Witbank), Mpumalanga - Architect
Technical College: 1930. Krugersdorp, Gauteng - Architect
Technical College: 1935. Springs, Gauteng - Architect
Technical College: 1926. Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
Technical College: 1935. Vereeniging, Gauteng - Architect
Technical Institute: 1928. Germiston, Gauteng - Architect
Third Church of Christ Scientist: 1925. Parkview, Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Town Hall: 1933-35. Bloemfontein, Free State - Architect
Town Hall: 1933. Germiston, Gauteng - Architect
Town Hall - Second: 1935. Parys, Free State - Architect
Transvaal University College: 1929. Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
Union Corp & Finance Bldg: 1937. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
Union Flour Mills Bldg: 1934. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Architect
University of Pretoria, Mathematics Building - First: 1930-1931. Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
Voortrekkers' Gedenksaal - Memorial Hall: c1930. Tshwane (Pretoria), Gauteng - Architect
Witwatersrand Technical College: 1936-1938. Johannesburg, Gauteng - Design Architect

Books citing LEITH

Beck, Haig (Editor). 1985. UIA International Architect : Southern Africa (Issue 8). London: International Architect. pp 58

Berman, Esmé. 1970. Art and artists in South Africa : an illustrated biographical dictionary and historical survey of painters and graphic artists since 1875. Cape Town: AA Balkema. pp 201

Cumming-George, L. 1933. Architecture in South Africa - Volume One. Cape Town: The Speciality Press of S.A. Ltd.. pp 39, 42, 60

Cumming-George, L. 1934. Architecture in South Africa - Volume Two. Cape Town: The Speciality Press of S.A. Ltd.. pp 23

Fisher, RC, Le Roux, SW. 1998. Architecture of the Transvaal. Pretoria: UNISA. pp 82-83, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 124, 127, 138, 157, 210, 211, 215

Geurst, Jeroen. 2010. Cemeteries of the Great War by Sir Edwin Lutyens. Rotterdam: 010. pp 60, 61

Greig, Doreen. 1971. A Guide to Architecture in South Africa. Cape Town: Howard Timmins. pp 61, 84-85, 117, 144, 146, 198

Harrop-Allin, Clinton. 1975. Norman Eaton: architect : a study of the work of the South African architect Norman Eaton 1902-1966. Cape Town: C. Struik. pp 14, 15, 16, 22, 24, 32, 116, 117, 118, quoted 19

Herbert, Gilbert. 1975. Martienssen & the international style: The modern movement in South African architecture. Cape Town - Rotterdam: AA Balkema. pp 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, 28, 39, 40, 41, 42, 47, 56, 74, 84, 85, 155, 173, 207, 211, 230, 231, 233, 241

HSRC. 1977. Dictionary of South African Biography Volume III. Pretoria: Tafelberg for The Human Sciences Research Council. pp 506-507

ISAA. 1959. The Yearbook of the Institute of South African Architects and Chapter of SA Quantity Surveyors 1958-1959 : Die Jaarboek van die Instituut van Suid-Afrikaanse Argitekte en Tak van Suid-Afrikaanse Bourekenaars 1958-1959. Johannesburg: ISAA. pp 93, 187

ISAA. 1927. Register of Members the Institute of South African Architects. Johannesburg: ISAA (Unpublished Record). pp L9b

Martin, Desmond. 2007. Walking Long Street. Cape Town: Struik. pp 51

Pearse, Geoffrey Eastcott. 1960. Eighteenth century furniture in South Africa. Pretoria: Van Schaik. pp Plates 60, 61, 62, 63

Picton-Seymour, Désirée. 1989. Historical Buildings in South Africa. Cape Town: Struikhof Publishers. pp 150, 162

Placzek, Adolf K (Editor in Chief). 1982. Macmillan encyclopedia of architects (Volume 2 of 4). New York: The Free Press. pp 656

SAWW & Ken Donaldson (Pty) Ltd. 1958. South African Who's Who 1958 : An illustrated biographical sketch book of South Africans with separate sections for the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and South West Africa. Johannesburg: Ken Donaldson (Pty) Ltd. pp 370

SAWW & Donaldson, K. 1938. South African Who's Who (Social and Business) 1938. Cape Town: Ken Donaldson. pp 146

SAWW & Donaldson, K. 1944. South African Who's Who (Social and Business) 1944. Cape Town: Ken Donaldson. pp 293

SAWW & Wooten & Gibson. 1963. Who's Who of Southern Africa 1963. Johannesburg: Wooten & Gibson (Pty) Ltd. pp 470

Stamp, Gavin. 1977. Silent Cities : An Exhibition of the Memorial and Cemetery Architecture of the Great War. London: Royal Institute of British Architects. pp 24

Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew. 2001. The British School at Rome : one hundred years. London: British School at Rome. pp 209

Articles citing LEITH

EATON, Norman. 1965. Obituary of George Esselmont Gordon LEITH. South African Architectural Record. May, Vol. 50 No 5 pp. 12 & 47

Unidentified. 1966. A Tribute to Norman Eaton.

Entries in books by LEITH

Leith, GE Gordon. Plate 44. Groot Constantia. Plaster Details. (G. E. Gordon Leith Mens et Delt). In Eighteenth century architecture in South Africa. 1957. Batsford